Ansiedade, depressão e estresse entre adolescentes de um município do interior da Bahia: cenário pós-Covid-19

Márcia Regina de Oliveira Pedroso; Maria Clara Moraes Andrade; Ellen Araújo Oliveira Piccolo; Daiene Rosa Gomes

doi:10.47236/2594-7036.2026.v10.2023

Autores/as

Márcia Regina de Oliveira Pedroso Universidad Federal de Goiás https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-159X
Maria Clara Moraes Andrade Universidad Federal del Oeste de Bahía https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9624-6660
Ellen Araújo Oliveira Piccolo Universidad Federal del Oeste de Bahía https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0943-0029
Daiene Rosa Gomes Universidad Federal del Oeste de Bahía https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1259

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47236/2594-7036.2026.v10.2023

Palabras clave:

Ansiedad, Depresión, Estrés psicológico, Estudios transversales, Salud del adolescente

Resumen

La adolescencia se caracteriza por intensos cambios psicológicos, físicos y sociales que favorecen la aparición de trastornos mentales como la ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés, los cuales constituyen relevantes problemas de salud pública, especialmente en el contexto pospandémico. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y estrés y sus factores asociados en adolescentes de Barreiras, Bahía. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal con adolescentes de 15 a 19 años matriculados en escuelas públicas entre noviembre de 2023 y junio de 2024. Se recopilaron datos sobre síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y estrés mediante la aplicación de la versión reducida de la Escala de Ansiedad, Depresión y Estrés (DASS-21), además de variables sociodemográficas, ocurrencia de acoso escolar, práctica de actividad física, calidad de vida, patrones alimentarios y adversidades en la infancia. Se entrevistaron 668 adolescentes. Las prevalencias observadas de ansiedad, depresión y estrés fueron del 53,4%, 51,3% y 33%, respectivamente. La ansiedad fue más prevalente en el sexo femenino, en entornos familiares disfuncionales y en aquellos insuficientemente activos; la depresión fue más frecuente en el grupo de edad de 15 a 17 años, en personas no heterosexuales y en aquellos con baja calidad de vida; el estrés fue significativamente más frecuente entre adolescentes del sexo femenino. Los hallazgos revelan una elevada carga de sufrimiento psíquico en la población estudiada, de origen multifactorial, lo que refuerza la necesidad de estrategias integradas de prevención y promoción de la salud mental direccionadas al contexto pospandémico.

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Biografía del autor/a

Márcia Regina de Oliveira Pedroso, Universidad Federal de Goiás

Doctora en Salud Colectiva por la Universidad Federal de Espírito Santo. Docente del área de Nutrición en Salud Pública de la Facultad de Nutrición de la Universidad Federal de Goiás. Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Correo electrónico: marcypedroso@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-159X. Currículo Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2028592698652925

Maria Clara Moraes Andrade, Universidad Federal del Oeste de Bahía

Estudiante de Medicina en la Universidad Federal del Oeste de Bahía. Barreiras, Bahía, Brasil. Correo electrónico: claraandrade13.ca@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9624-6660. Currículo Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1851295891360859

Ellen Araújo Oliveira Piccolo, Universidad Federal del Oeste de Bahía

Maestranda del Programa de Posgrado en Biociencias y Salud de la Universidad Federal del Oeste de Bahía. Barreiras, Bahía, Brasil. Correo electrónico: ellen.o8620@ufob.edu.br. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0943-0029. Currículo Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289780254047326.

Daiene Rosa Gomes, Universidad Federal del Oeste de Bahía

Doctora en Salud Colectiva por la Universidad Federal de Espírito Santo. Docente del área de Salud Colectiva del Centro de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud de la Universidad Federal del Oeste de Bahía. Barreiras, Bahía, Brasil. Correo electrónico: daiene.gomes@ufob.edu.br. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1259. Currículo Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3886271497910568.

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