Impactos cumulativos no licenciamento ambiental federal brasileiro: análise e perspectivas a partir da Lei nº 15.190/2025

Murillo Barros de Carvalho; Elineide Eugênio Marques

doi:10.47236/2594-7036.2026.v10.2146

Authors

Murillo Barros de Carvalho Federal Institute of Maranhão https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-1852
Elineide Eugênio Marques Federal University of Tocantins https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0223-6853

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47236/2594-7036.2026.v10.2146

Keywords:

Cumulation, Environmental impact assessment, Environmental legislation, Environmental licensing, General law of environmental licensing

Abstract

This article examines the incorporation of the Cumulative Impact Assessment (AIC) into Brazilian federal environmental licensing, with a focus on Law no. 15,190/2025. We part from the problem of the limited normative definition of cumulation in the federal system, historically treated as a descriptive attribute of environmental impacts, without consolidation of methodological and technical parameters. The research, of a qualitative nature, combines documentary analysis and lexical analysis, examining the federal normative base prior and subsequent to the new law, with the aim of identifying permanences, advances and gaps in the treatment of cumulation. Laws, Conama resolutions, ministerial ordinances and the final text of Law no. 15.190/2025 were analyzed in light of specialized literature. The results indicate that, despite the expansion of the scope of EIA/RIMA, there was no systematic incorporation of structuring instruments of the AIC, such as the definition of Selected Environmental and Social Components (CASS), spatial and temporal delimitation and integration among multiple projects. It is concluded that the cumulative impacts remain formally recognized, but not consolidated as an operational guideline in environmental licensing, which limits the system’s ability to face multiple environmental pressures accumulated in time and space.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Murillo Barros de Carvalho, Federal Institute of Maranhão

Doctor in Environmental Sciences from the Federal University of Tocantins. Professor of Basic, Technical, and Technological Education at the Imperatriz Campus of the Federal Institute of Maranhão. Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil. E-mail: murillo.carvalho@ifma.edu.br. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-1852. Lattes Curriculum: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7371909367223142.

Elineide Eugênio Marques, Federal University of Tocantins

Doctor in Ecology of Continental Aquatic Environments from the State University of Maringá. Professor in the Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences at the Federal University of Tocantins. Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. E-mail: emarques@uft.edu.br. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0223-6853. Lattes Curriculum: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9875056556045599.

References

ALMEIDA, Maria Rita Raimundo e; MONTAÑO, Marcelo. The effectiveness of environmental impact assessment systems in São Paulo and Minas Gerais states. Ambiente e Sociedade, [s. l.], vol. 20, no 2, p. 77–104, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc235r2v2022017

ARNOLD, Lauren M. et al. Assessing the Cumulative Social Effects of Projects: Lessons from Canadian Hydroelectric Development. Environmental Management, [s. l.], vol. 69, no 5, p. 1035–1048, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01622-x

AUCAMP, Ilse; VANCLAY, Frank. Social impact assessment : the state of the art in 2026 Social impact assessment : the state of the art in 2026. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, [s. l.], vol. 00, no 00, p. 1–10, 2026. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2026.2639326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2026.2639326

BRASIL. Lei Geral do Licenciamento no 15.190 de 08 de agosto de 2025. Brasil: 2025. Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2025/lei/L15190.htm.

BRASIL. Portaria MMA n° 289. Brasília - DF, 2013.

BRASIL. Resolução CONAMA no 1, de 23 de janeiro de 1986. Dispõe sobre critérios básicos e diretrizes gerais para a avaliação de impacto ambiental. Licenciamento Ambiental - Normas e Procedimentos: Brasília - DF, Brasil, p. 636–639, 1986. Disponível em: http://www.mma.gov.br/port/conama/.

BRASIL. Resolução do CONAMA no 462, de 24 de julho de 2014. Estabelece procedimentos para o licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos de geração de energia elétrica a partir de fonte eólica em superfície terrestre, altera o art. 1o da Resolução CONAMA n.o 279, de 27 de julho de 2001, e dá outras providências. Publicado no D.O.U. em 25 jul. 2014, Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA), 1–21, 2014. Disponível em: https://conama.mma.gov.br/?option=com_sisconama&task=arquivo.download&id=677.

BRASIL. Resolução No 470, de 27 de agosto de 2015. Estabelece critérios e diretrizes para o licenciamento ambiental dos aeroportos regionais. O. 2015.

CANTER, Larry; ATKINSON, Samuel; SADLER, Barry. Special Issue on cumulative effects assessment and management. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, [s. l.], vol. 31, no 5, p. 451–452, 2011. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2011.05.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2011.05.001

CANTER, Larry; CHAWLA, Manroop; SWOR, Tom. Expanding environmental emphases in water resources planning. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, [s. l.], vol. 15, no 4, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1464333213500233

CANTER, Larry; ROSS, Bill. State of practice of cumulative effects assessment and management: The good, the bad and the ugly. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, [s. l.], vol. 28, no 4, p. 261–268, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3152/146155110X12838715793200

CEQ. Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Policy Act. Unided State: Executive Office of the President, 1997. Disponível em: https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/nepapub/nepa_documents/RedDont/G-CEQ-ConsidCumulEffects.pdf.

COOPER, Lourdes M.; SHEATE, William R. Cumulative effects assessment: A review of UK environmental impact statements. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, [s. l.], vol. 22, no 4, p. 415–439, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-9255(02)00010-0

DIBO, Ana Paula Alves; NOBLE, Bram F.; SÁNCHEZ, Luis Enrique. Perspectives on Driving Changes in Project-based Cumulative Effects Assessment for Biodiversity: Lessons from the Canadian Experience. Environmental Management, [s. l.], vol. 62, no 5, p. 929–941, 2018. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1086-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1086-6

DUARTE, Carla Grigoletto; DIBO, Ana Paula Alves; SÁNCHEZ, Luis Enrique. What does the academic research say about impact assessment and environmental licensing in Brazil?. Ambiente e Sociedade, [s. l.], vol. 20, no 1, p. 261–292, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20150268r1v2012017

FOLEY, Melissa M. et al. The challenges and opportunities in cumulative effects assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, [s. l.], vol. 62, p. 122–134, 2017. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.06.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.06.008

FUENTES-SÁNCHEZ, Ana; ARROZ, Ana Moura; GABRIEL, Rosalina. Representações sociais acerca do desenvolvimento sustentável : as perspectivas de residentes de pequenas cidades insulares. Ambiente e Sociedade, [s. l.], vol. 24, 2021.

GIL, Antonio Carlos. Como fazer pesquisa qualitativa. 1 ed.ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2021.

GIRARDOT, Jean-Jacques. Inteligencia Territorial y Transición Socio-Ecológica. Trabajo, [s. l.], vol. 23, p. 15–40, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33776/trabajo.v23i0.956

GREAVES, Corrie; PARROTT, Lael. Re-grounding cumulative effects assessments in ecological resilience. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, [s. l.], vol. 105, no August 2023, p. 107403, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107403

GUERREIRO, Irene Costa Freitas; SOBRINHO, Mário Vasconcellos; CONDURÚ, Marise Teles. Environmental transparency: froam availability to access to environmnetal information. Perspectivas em Ciencia da Informacao, [s. l.], vol. 26, no 4, p. 3–37, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-5344/4027

HILLEBRANDT, Maarten. Access to Environmental Information in the EU: A Great Policy No-One Needs?. Journal of Common Market Studies, [s. l.], vol. 59, no 5, p. 1051–1068, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13164

HO-TASSONE, Elaine et al. Collaborative watershed analysis: A ‘groupthink’ assessment of cumulative effects. Journal of Great Lakes Research, [s. l.], vol. 49, p. S104–S115, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2022.11.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2022.11.004

HOFMANN, Rose Mirian. Gargalos Do Licenciamento Ambiental Federal No Brasil. Camara dos Deputados do Brasil, [s. l.], p. 111, 2015. Disponível em: http://www2.camara.leg.br/documentos-e-pesquisa/publicacoes/estnottec/areas-da-conle/tema14/2015_1868_licenciamentoambiental_rose-hofmann.

JOSEPH, Chris et al. Improving cumulative effects assessment: alternative approaches based upon an expert survey and literature review. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, [s. l.], vol. 41, no 2, p. 162–174, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2023.2170093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2023.2170093

KWON, Katerina; RUTHERFORD, Murray; GUNTON, Thomas. A new model for selecting valued components in environmental assessment: Lessons from an Indigenous-led cumulative effects management program. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, [s. l.], vol. 106, no April, p. 107519, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107519. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107519

LIMA, Valderez Marina do Rosário; AMARAL-ROSA, Marcelo Prado; RAMOS, Maurivan Güntzel. Análise Textual Discursiva apoiado por software : IRaMuTeQ e a análise de subcorpus. New Trends in Qualitative Research, [s. l.], vol. 7, p. 1–9, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.7.2021.1-9

NELSON, Rebecca; SHIRLEY, L M. The Latent Potential of Cumulative Effects Concepts in National and International Environmental Impact Assessment Regimes. Transnational Enviromental Law, [s. l.], vol. 1, p. 150–174, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102522000243

NOBLE, Bram. Cumulative effects assessment. Routledge Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment, [s. l.], no 16, p. 42–58, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429282492-4

NOBLE, Bram; LIU, Jialang; HACKETT, Paul. The Contribution of Project Environmental Assessment to Assessing and Managing Cumulative Effects: Individually and Collectively Insignificant?. Environmental Management, [s. l.], vol. 59, no 4, p. 531–545, 2017. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0799-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0799-7

OSTROM, Elinor. A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science, [s. l.], vol. 325, no 5939, p. 419–422, 2009. Disponível em: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1172133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172133

PARTIDÁRIO, Maria; MONTEIRO, Margarida B.; MARTINS, Rute. Novel perspectives for multi-actor collaboration in strategic environmental assessment using ST4S. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, [s. l.], vol. 99, no December 2022, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2022.107023

RATINAUD, P. IRaMuTeQ: Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. [S. l.]: [s. d.], 2009. Disponível em: http://www.iramuteq.org.

SÁNCHEZ, L.E. Avaliação de Impactos Cumulativos. São Paulo, SP: Oficina de Textos, 2023.

SILVA, Carlos Guadardo. Investigação documental. In: GONÇALVES, Sónia P.; GONÇALVES, Joaquim P.; MARQUES, Célio Gonçalo (orgs.). Manual de Investigação Qualitativa: Conceção, Análise e Aplicações. Lisboa: PACTOR, 2021. p. 103–123.

SINCLAIR, A. John; DOELLE, Meinhard; DUINKER, Peter N. Looking up, down, and sideways: Reconceiving cumulative effects assessment as a mindset. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, [s. l.], vol. 62, p. 183–194, 2017. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.04.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.04.007

SOUSA, Yuri Sá Oliveira. PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL O Uso do Software Iramuteq : Fundamentos de Lexicometria para Pesquisas Qualitativas The Use of the Iramuteq Software : Fundamentals of Lexicometry for Qualitative Research El uso del Software Iramuteq : Fundamentos de Lexicometría para. Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia, [s. l.], vol. 4281, p. 1541–1560, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12957/epp.2021.64034

VERONEZ, Fernanda A. et al. Impacts of offshore wind farms: significant for whom?. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, [s. l.], vol. 44, no 1, p. 39–50, 2026. Disponível em: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14615517.2026.2621472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2026.2621472